Gaudich., Urticaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew; Urtica interrupta L.
Common name(s): [more details]
Chamorro: palilolia |
Chinese: hong xiao ma |
English: Hawaiian wood-nettle, hen's nettle |
Fijian: salato, salato ni koro, salato vutivali |
Kwaraae: akoako fuluma |
Marquesan: auokaoka, kenae, onaona, puera |
Niuean: ogoogo, ongoongo |
Other: nanggalat |
Pohnpeian: shoh-mahl, soumwehl |
Samoan: magisu, ogo ogo, ogoogo, ogoogo toto, ongoongo, ono ono, vao mageso |
Tahitian: huriaeo, iriaeo, iriaio, urieo |
Tongan: hogohogo, hongohongo, ngohongoho, nogonogo |
Wallisian: mangeo |
Yapese: yoyol |
Habit: herb
Description:
Genus: "Usually annual herbs, the aerial branches and often the leaf blades with stinging or prurient hairs, the stipules comparatively small, connate into an axillary, bifid scale; leaves alternate, the blades chartaceous, ovate, 3-nerved from base and also pinnate-nerved distally, dentate or serrate, with linear cystoliths on upper surface; inflorescences axillary, composed of flower clusters combined into lax, bracteate, cymose panicles, these usually unisexual, the flowers often sharply reflexed; male flowers sessile or pedicellate, with 4 or usually 5 tepals, these ovate or lanceolate, subvalvate, the stamens 4 or usually 5, with long, reflexed filaments, the rudimentary ovary globose or subclavate; female flowers pedicellate, with 4 free tepals, these imbricate, unequal in pairs, the abaxial one sometimes hooded, the staminodes absent, the ovary straight, becoming oblique, the style apical but becoming lateral, the stigma subulate, obliquely ovate or linear, short-papillose, rarely trifid, persistent; achene small, obliquely ovoid, strongly laterally compressed, deflexed, pitted and verrucose, marginate, exserted from the slightly enlarged perianth, the seed with very little endosperm, the cotyledons broad, the fruiting pedicel long and winged" (Smith, 1981; p. 215).
Species: "Flower-clusters remote, combined into interrupted pseudo-spikes 3-30 cm long; lowest clusters usually on short side-shoots; male flowers: tepals 4, white or pink, with a green midvein, sparsely hairy; female flowers: pedicel widened above the articulation; tepals at first subequal, the 2 lateral (inner) ones considerably enlarged afterwards; stigmas 3, at first equal, central one later elongate; achene not recurved, tuberculate, 1 1/2-1 3/4 mm long. Leaves ovate, subcordate, truncate or broadly cuneate at base, crenate-serrate or dentate, 2-12 cm by 1-8 cm, (dry) with numerous distinct cystoliths beneath; petiole 1/2-10 cm. Erect or decumbent at base and rooting" (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1965; p. 39).
"Small, un- or few-branched slightly fleshy herb, usually puberulent with more or less irritant hairs; stem 20-80 cm tall; leaves ovate-acuminate, 6-9 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, on slender petioles up to 8 cm long; blades rounded to subcordate at base; margins coarsely serrate. Inflorescence axillary, pedunculate, spicate; flowers tiny, green, 4-merous; fruit a cordate achene" (Stone, 1970; p. 256).
Habitat/ecology: "Uncommon in waste places and around houses" (Whistler, 1988; p. 38). "Waste places, road-sides, gardens, fields" (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1965; p. 39).
In Fiji, occurs "from near sea level to about 525 m as a weed of villages, roadsides, waste places, pastures, and cultivated areas, sometimes being found along forest trails or on hillsides" (Smith, 1981; pp. 215-216). In Hawaii, "an uncommon garden weed" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1299). In Niue, "seen only occasionally in plantations and waste places" (Sykes, 1970; p. 210). In New Guinea, "a plant of partial shade; a weed of gardens and house-yards, and sometimes in cocoa and rubber plantations; not aggressive and only numerous where other weeds have been suppressed. Mostly at low altitudes, but found to 700 m" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 156). In Tonga, "an occasional weed of plantations" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 102).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Eastern and southeastern Asia, Australia; naturalized elsewhere (GRIN). Although it "now has a very wide distribution, from Africa to Japan and China and eastward to Queensland and into the Pacific as far as Hawaii, its native area is questionable; probably southeastern Asia is a reasonable guess. It...was almost certainly an inadvertent aboriginal introduction throughout the Pacific portion of its range." (Smith, 1981; pp. 215-216) "An aboriginal introduction to Polynesia" (Whistler, 1988; p. 38). Fosberg et al. (1979; p. 60) list as native to Micronesia.
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Vouchers cited: Garber 1001, Garber 1013 |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 36)
Vouchers cited: Garber 1001 (BISH), Garber 1013 (BISH) |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Vouchers cited: Garber 576, Harris 261, Harris 320 |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 36)
Vouchers cited: Garber 576 (BISH), W. Harris 320 (BISH), W. Harris 261 (BISH) |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1990) (voucher ID: PTBG 10370)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1993) (voucher ID: PTBG 26896)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island | Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 99) | |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1992) (voucher ID: PTBG 43952)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1992) (voucher ID: PTBG 48403)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 60) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Chuuk Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92) | |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 60) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 60) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 82)
Voucher cited: Kanehira 789 (NY) |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
native
|
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 139)
As Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew. Voucher cited: A. Dores 164 (BISH, NY, PTBG) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 46152)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 60) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Kandavu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Voucher cited: DA 2969 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Mbengga Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Voucher cited: Weiner 72-7-14C |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Moala Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Voucher cited: Milne 109 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Nairai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Voucher cited: Milne 156 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Ovalau Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Voucher cited: Smith 7480 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Taveuni Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Vouchers cited: Gillespie 4704, DA 8393, DA 5739 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Vouchers cited: DA 14364, Bierhorst F202 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 215-216)
Vouchers cited: DA 14194, Greenwood 147, Gillespie 2577, Smith 7244 |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Eiao Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Eiao Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Voucher cited: J. Florence & M. Teikiteetini 9365 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Voucher cited: J. Florence 6694 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 11517)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: D.H. Lorence & L. Dunn 8988 (PAP) Adventice. Locally common, naturalized. |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39369)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Bora Bora Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Bora Bora Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Voucher cited: J. Florence 10322 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Voucher cited: J. Florence 10476 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive abo. intro. |
Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 222-224) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tetiaroa Atoll | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 149) | |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Laportea interrupta (C. Linnaeus) W.-L. Chew. Adventice |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
native
|
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 256)
Vouchers cited: Stone 4388 (GUAM), Stone 4415 (GUAM) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 60) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
|
Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 151) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaiian Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1299)
Adventive. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
|
Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 151) |
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Tarawa Atoll | Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) | |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 60) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kili (Kõle) Atoll | Vander Velde, Nancy (year unknown) | |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Maré |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 137)
Voucher cited: Schmid 2753 (NOU) |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll) |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 137)
Voucher cited: Däniker 2032 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 137)
Vouchers cited: Vieillard 1228, Franc 2080 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
|
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 38) |
Papua New Guinea
Bougainville Islands |
Bougainville Island | Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 62) | |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
native
|
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 156)
Mostly at low altitudes but found to 700 m. |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 163) | |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 75)
In cultivated areas, chiefly in disturbed soil in and about towns at low altitudes; a weed, probably introduced. |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1989) (voucher ID: PTBG 11620)
Taxon name on voucher: Laportea interrupta |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Western Samoa Islands | Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 38) | |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92) | |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
native
|
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 84) |
Tonga
Haapai Group |
Tofua Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 79)
Voucher cited: Scarth-Johnson 46 |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 79)
Voucher cited: Soakai 641 |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Tafahi Island |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 102)
Voucher cited: Hürlimann 561 |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 79)
Voucher cited: Crosby 167 |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island | Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 55) | |
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands |
Nui Atoll |
Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 11)
Vouchers cited: Woodroffe 195 (CHR), Woodroffe 133 (CHR) |
|
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis and Futuna Islands | Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 38) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Western Australia |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
"Disturbed, moist places of dense forests, streams; 600-1000 m". SW Yunnan |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
uncertain if introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 53)
Weed of uncertain origin |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Disturbed, moist places of dense forests, streams; 600-1000 m. |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Maldives
Maldive Islands |
Addu Atoll | Spicer, R. A./Newberry, D. MacC. (1979) (p. 13) | |
Maldives
Maldive Islands |
Malè Atoll | Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 16) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Fleurya interrupta, please let us know.